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European larch

This species is the only deciduous conifer native to Europe and was introduced to Britain sometime around 1620 for its timber.

What other names does it have?

Can also be known asCommon larch
Generic nameLarch
Latin nameLarix decidua
Family namePine
Latin family namePinaceae

What type of tree is it?

Is it a broadleaf or conifer?It is a conifer
Does it lose its leaves in autumn?Yes, it is deciduous

Species description:

Average height12-30m

Leaf

DescriptionSoft, thin (less than 1mm wide) needles with two pale bands/stripes underneath.
ShapeNeedle
ColourFresh grass-green
Colour of leaves in autumnGold-orange
Leaf budLow domed knobbles
Leaf stalkNo stalk
Leaf arrangementIn bunches
Leaf burst usually occursEarly spring

Flower, seed, and fruit

Type of flowerSingular flower
Flower sizeMale flowers are around 1cm across and the female flowers are larger
Flowering seasonMid-spring
Tree/flower sexBoth sexes
Fruit colourStraw coloured at first turning brown later
Type of seed bodyCone
Seeds dispersed by
  • Wind

Bark and twig

Bark descriptionPinky brown in colour with wide criss-crossing ridges
Twig DescriptionAmber or slightly pinkish in colour and hairless

What other trees are similar?

Can easily be confused with?Other conifers with needles- but these are evergreen, keeping their needles all year

Where is it usually found?

Is it native or non-native to the British Isles?Non-native - commonly planted
Where is its natural range?Much of Europe, the European Alps and Carpathian Mountains
Preferred soil type or environmental conditions?Tolerates a range of conditions but is light demanding and does not grow well in shade
What is its British conservation status?Frequent

Additional information

Human uses of tree and timberOne of the first trees to be introduced for its timber and became the first conifer to be planted in large scale plantations. The timber is hard and rot resistant and was used for a great range of uses in the past. Now it is most often used for fencing, gates and garden furniture.

European larch

Seeds and flowers

Larch showing old cone

Larch bark

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