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Holm oak

Introduced to Britain in the late 1500s this tree differs from most oaks in that the leaves are spiny, like holly, and it is evergreen- keeping its leaves all year.

What other names does it have?

Can also be known asMediterranean oak
Generic nameOak
Latin nameQuercus ilex
Family nameBeech
Latin family nameFagaceae

What type of tree is it?

Is it a broadleaf or conifer?It is a broadleaf
Does it lose its leaves in autumn?No, it is evergreen

Species description:

Average height8-20m

Leaf

DescriptionLeaves are concave with a fawn coloured felt covering the underside. Young leaves and leaves on young plants are spiny whereas older leaves and leaves on old plants are smooth edged
ShapeOval
ColourDark green to blackish
Leaf budVery small buds. The terminal, or end bud, has curling whiskers
Leaf stalkShort stalk
Leaf arrangementAlternate

Flower, seed, and fruit

Type of flowerCatkin
Flowering seasonEarly summer
Fruit colourGreen ripening to brown in a greenish cup
Type of seed bodyAcorn
Seeds dispersed by
  • Wildlife

Bark and twig

Bark descriptionBlackish becoming square cracked with age
Twig DescriptionSlender and covered with a fawn coloured felt

Where is it usually found?

Is it native or non-native to the British Isles?Non-native - naturalised
Where is its natural range?Southern Europe
Preferred soil type or environmental conditions?Tolerates salt spray and thrives by the coast. Also survives well on alkaline soils, in strong winds and polluted areas such as towns. Dislikes cold areas and can be killed by frost.
What is its British conservation status?Frequent

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Holm oak

Holm oak leaves

Felted young leaves, acorn with felted cup

Illustrations supplied by
Collins

Collins Tree Guide