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Norway spruce

This tree has been famous since 1841 when Prince Albert, Queen Victoria’s husband, introduced an old German custom of decorating a spruce tree with lights. Since then the Norway spruce has been a cornerstone of christmas tradition across Europe

What other names does it have?

Can also be known as
  • Christmas tree
  • Spruce fir
Generic nameSpruce
Latin namePicea abies
Family namePine
Latin family namePinaceae

What type of tree is it?

Is it a broadleaf or conifer?It is a conifer
Does it lose its leaves in autumn?No, it is evergreen

Species description:

Average height18-40m

Leaf

DescriptionThe leaves are squarish in shape with a white line on each 'side'. Stiff and pointed the leaves are arranged on the 'top' of the twig with only a few around the rest of the twig. If crushed they give of a rich, sweet smell
ShapeNeedle
Size1.5-2.5cm
ColourDark rich green
Leaf stalkNo stalk
Leaf arrangementAlternate

Flower, seed, and fruit

Type of flowerOther
Fruit colourBrown when ripe
Type of seed bodyCone
Seeds dispersed by
  • Wind

Bark and twig

Bark descriptionUntil around 80 years old the bark is coppery grey-brown will very fine markings
Twig DescriptionDark dull orange in colour and hairless

What other trees are similar?

Can easily be confused with?Other spruces and conifers which have needles

Where is it usually found?

Is it native or non-native to the British Isles?Non-native - commonly planted
Where is its natural range?Europe to Balkans and Russia
Preferred soil type or environmental conditions?A mountain tree abundant in wetter areas.
What is its British conservation status?Common

Additional information

Human uses of tree and timberThe most famous use of the Norway spruce is as the traditional christmas tree. It is also a very commonly grown tree for wood or wood pulp (which could be used to make paper for example)

Old tree

Orange shoot

Spruce flower

Leaf squared

Collins Tree Guide